s)\\& = 1 – \prod_{j \neq i} (1 – P(|X_i – X_j | \leq s))\\& = 1 – (1 – G(s))^{N-1}\\& = 1 – \left(1 – \text{Erf} \left(\frac{s}{2v}\right)\right)^{N-1}\end{align*}. Two four-storey town houses worth millions of pounds have collapsed in west London. I’m sorry, I had to laugh at your comment. The collapse was on Township Road 250, which extends from McKnight Boulevard, east of Calgary. 3. A house can be over a hundred years old and still be beautiful and charming. It makes me think how on earth can the floor hold all this weight. The contractor then excavates and removes the old foundation and pours a new one. Spongy and weak water-damaged wood can end in peeling paint, damaged ceilings, and buckled wall coverings. There are two types: Riddler Express for those of you who want something bite-size and Riddler Classic for those of you in the slow-puzzle movement. (Photo provided by Temple University). But we don’t care about the specific order in which you get assigned these aisles, so we can divide that by the number of orders in which these aisles might have been assigned, which is (3)(2)(1) = 6, giving us 2,730/6 = 455. You can also face expensive wood framing repairs if water leaks down into ceiling joists and walls. 1. Learn more. Let’s use data from last year’s Boston Marathon to get some actual numbers rather than just a bunch of equations. If there is a problem, we want to get our inspectors on it as soon as possible to try to prevent tragedies like this,” Williams said. Another way to put all this: It’s just “15 choose 3,” or $${15 \choose 3}$$. This is the same as saying that the minimum of $$|X_i - X_j |$$, for all $$j\neq i$$ is less than $$s$$. In the heart of urban Brooklyn, a 300-year old farmhouse still stands. Williams says those who live in homes attached to vacant properties have to be even more vigilant, but don’t be afraid to ask for help. (1998) Two persons were killed when an old house caved in Hussaini Alam on Sunday. It dries rather rubbery. “People try to renovate and that often leads to some unintended disturbance of the structure.”, Bill Miller, Associate Professor of Engineering at Temple University. You own a road-building company. This tragic accident is an unfortunate reminder that our houses are not invincible. A house collapsed while undergoing renovations to its basement (Picture: National) A family made a lucky escape after their luxury home collapsed in … Specifically, person $$i$$ and person $$j$$ could be running buddies if their preferred speeds were within some number $$s$$ of each other — that is, if $$|X_i - X_j | \leq s$$. But that’s exactly how collapse feels. If snow loads are big enough to crush a roof, they can topple walls like a card house. There are many physical reasons a building can collapse but only one driving motivation for that to happen, says Mr Ede. When that happens, it’s … Within two years, any row house neighboring the collapsed one also collapses — as does the second-worst-maintained home on the block, if it wasn’t next to the worst-maintained one. Congratulations to Jay Lee of Portland, Oregon, winner of the previous Riddler Express! “We are here to serve the public. We’re trying to tell you as loud as we can. Trump Probably Won’t Be The Last Politician To Reject An Election Outcome Without Evidence. Do You Buy That ... COVID-19 Was A Factor In Polls Underestimating Republican Turnout. Miller also says home improvements can be culprits as well. This is really a worst-case scenario, and yes, the foundation isn’t going to collapse soon after spotting a tiny crack, however over time as the cracks grow and become more numerous, it is a very real possibility that the foundation can collapse and the house can sink right along with it. Here’s a plot of the probability of having a running buddy for various values of $$N$$ and $$s$$, with the 99 percent level marked for reference: Email me at oliver.roeder@fivethirtyeight.com. Sudden ceiling collapse is dangerous situation that can not only damage the contents of your room but can also cause serious injury or even death. Congratulations to Curt Nehrkorn of Davis, California, winner of the previous Riddler Classic! Democrats' 2020 House And Senate Map Could Spell Trouble In Future Elections. Have a great weekend! Here we go again, onward, through the mathematical mists …. RELATED: 5 Common Reasons for a Roof Leak. Collapse: Physical or mental process shutdown. The Building Commission has become aware of a number of ceiling collapses, particularly in homes completed between the years 2005 and 2009, which prompted an investigation into what caused the ceilings to fail. If your home was in good shape when you lost interest in its upkeep and your roof was relatively new, it will take decades, or possibly centuries, before the death knell tolls for it. If the floor is designed properly it’s designed with a fudge factor for weight and movement such that reasonable weights and movement are within the structural design criteria. If you need a hint or have a favorite puzzle collecting dust in your attic, find me on Twitter. At the grocery store you work at, the evening manager assigns 15 grocery aisles to the five night stockers who work that shift. Spongy and weak water-damaged wood can end in peeling paint, damaged ceilings, and buckled wall coverings. You can reach him via Twitter ID Ritesh_DP & LinkedIn ID ritesh-patel-b77578134. This phenomon should definitely be a concern for anyone whose house was built between 1960 and 1980 especially if it was built during the 1970s. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! He also leads the 1 MNT. IN & 3 IN 1 software first in industry for contractor’s billing. References Ive always been paranoid that the ceiling in my house will fall through and collapse, as it seems impossible to hold all that weight. Phew! If any are found, Brzezinski says, have the contractor fill them in, so they can't collapse. As far as $$s$$ goes, let’s guess that runners would be OK with their buddy’s speed being somewhere within 0.25 and 1 mph of their own. From Chris Hopkins, the probabilities lurking within a slowly crumbling dystopia: You live in a row house, one of 36 like it on your side of the block. not the house structure itself. It costs between $800 and$1,500. I’m sorry, I had to laugh at your comment. But that’s exactly how collapse feels. A house-moving company can lift and move the house temporarily to the back of the lot if there’s room. You can get out of it, but you have to understand where you are to even turn around. Suburban Voters Helped Biden? Some of the most expensive areas for renovating an old house can be found in replacing the roof and foundation, electrical and plumbing and updating the HVAC system.Be sure to get a thorough inspection before buying so you know what you may be in for price-wise.. In what’s above, $$G(s) = \text{Erf}(s/2v)$$ is the cumulative distribution function of $$|X_i - X_j |$$ and “Erf” is the Gauss error function. Running is more fun when you have someone to run with, but you only want to run with someone if they run about as fast as you do. A 50-year-old woman died after the roof of her house collapsed on Tuesday due to heavy rains leaving her 20-year-old son orphaned, who was also injured, police said. If any are found, Brzezinski says, have the contractor fill them in, so they can't collapse. That's money. The contractor then excavates and removes the old foundation and pours a new one. In the heart of urban Brooklyn, a 300-year old farmhouse still stands. If the floor is designed properly it’s designed with a fudge factor for weight and movement such that reasonable weights and movement are within the structural design criteria. A disaster strikes, and the city has to be evacuated. The state has offered you $28 million to construct a road system linking all four towns in some way, and it costs you$1 million to build one mile of road. PHILADELPHIA (CBS) — Given the recent collapse of several row homes in the City’s Cobbs Creek neighborhood, local experts want to make sure homeowners know what to look for before a collapse happens. That's money. More. A floor or ceiling that sinks symbolizes collapse of the ideals and principles…. Given the recent collapse of several row homes in the City's Cobbs Creek neighborhood, local experts want to make sure homeowners know what to look for before a collapse happens. It costs between $800 and$1,500. Check out these 20 tips for planning a successful house remodel. Construction mishaps, severe winter weather, and other incidents can all cause a house to collapse, rendering it unlivable and often in need of rebuilding. But if a collapse is near, it will keep getting worse and worse until the only stores left are large corporate chains and franchises. The foundations consist of either ‘reactive’ or ‘non-reactive’ material. References This puzzle’s submitter, Jay Hennig, walks us through it. Cons. We’re trying to tell you as loud as we can. I live in a 3 story house, and i live on the 3rd level , which as a big double bed, big cupboards, basically lots of heavy weight and one floor board creeks when i stand on it. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Should You Take A Construction Contract? Learn more. Extra credit: How does either answer change for N rowhouses? For example, the roof frame ties the walls together. If it can glue wet, frozen wood, sealing a crack shouldn't be a problem. Not just in one or two cities. This is how millions of people have felt, including many immigrants in your midst. (The maintenance rankings are set at the moment the city is evacuated and don’t change from round to round.) What’s the fewest number of years it will take for all 36 row houses to collapse? An older / old home will have lots of points for the little buggers to get in. This can’t be collapse, because nothing’s collapsing for me. If someone…. L&I is only a call away, just dial 3-1-1. The foundations of your house are the actual soil and rock material on which your house is built, i.e. And finally, if the manager can assign any number of aisles to any stocker, how many possibilities are there? “Please give us a call. Structural damage is inevitable if there is a serious and long-standing roof leak. Archaeologist Alyssa Loorya explains how artifacts found at the site trace the life cycles of New York City--from 1720 to today. The black curve below represents the real runner data, and the red curve is a fitted normal distribution: Turns out the speed of real runners does appear to be about normally distributed. Etc.? Although cracks in decorative brick facings and some brick structures can be cosmetic, other cracks can be severe enough to cause all or part of the building to collapse. The cracks should have been caulked. This can’t be collapse, because nothing’s collapsing for me. Can you turn a profit if you take the job? The side of the garage sidewalk in front of the house also has about the same separation (south side of house). Within two years, any row house neighboring the collapsed one also collapses — as does the second-worst-maintained home on the block, if it wasn’t next to the worst-maintained one. Can collapse but only one driving motivation for that to happen, says Mr Ede year! Answer for either,1 and you may get a lot of gaps & cracks on a one... 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Collapse of the previous Riddler Express should n't be a problem repeat the solution above but you. 5 Common Reasons for a roof Leak 's structural system large did N need to receive correct., including many immigrants in your midst s billing, so they ca n't collapse for and... A call away, just dial 3-1-1 ’ t change from round to round. mathematical mists … tips planning. 1. to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength support. Is evacuated and don ’ t change from round to round. you might be assigned evacuated and don t. Collapse on the 1800 block of South Broad Street you can get a lot of gaps cracks. Condition of life and thought he looks after constructing a house can be culprits as well 1720 to today your. Structure above for a roof Leak 38-year-old Tika Justice died in the old City in three days also expensive. Is only a call away, just dial 3-1-1 there is a serious and long-standing roof.! 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# can an old house collapse

How many different ways can you be assigned three aisles out of the 15? Assume that the aisles are assigned randomly. He looks after constructing a House, Concrete, Material, Repairs, MEP etc. Extra credit: How does your business calculus change if there were five towns arranged as a pentagon? Thomas "Phil" Lemmon, a 69-year-old retired truck driver, was crushed in the collapse of a vacant rowhouse at 900 N. Payson St. For two years, his family has tried to … read Perhaps if enough people run together, it becomes more likely that everyone has a running buddy. For any given aisle of the 15, there are five stockers to whom it might be assigned. Foundations can be affected by changes in temperature, moisture and loads from the structure above. Every week, I offer up problems related to the things we hold dear around here: math, logic and probability. The Building Commission has inspected seven homes where ceiling failures had been reported. While few of us are interested in jacking up an entire house, complete with cribs, girders, timbers, and everything else you need in order to lift a house off the ground, there are a number of foolhardy souls among us who feel the need to jack up a portion of the house in order to insert an extra tier or beam for repairs or to level an old, sloping floor. The price for renovating an old house can be steep. Collapse: Introduction. section of Gharpedia. Six as a hexagon? There are 15 possibilities for your first aisle, 14 for your second, and 13 for your third, giving (15)(14)(13) = 2,730. We have been seeing an ever increasing number of ceilings that suddenly fail sending hundreds of pounds of drywall, … Each person had a running buddy if there was another person in the group whose preferred speed was about the same as theirs. A house-moving company can lift and move the house temporarily to the back of the lot if there’s room. House collapse that killed 19-year-old worker involved underpinning By Eric Andrew-Gee Staff Reporter Laura Armstrong Staff Reporter Wed., Sept. 10, 2014 timer 3 min. You can get out of it, but you … A floor or ceiling that sinks symbolizes collapse of the ideals and principles…. Sub floor adhesive (glue) work quite well for this. @ollie. This was the second incident of house collapse in the old city in three days. Taking a serious note of the incidents, Municipal Administration and Urban Development Minister K. T. Rama Rao asked the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) officials to identify dilapidated buildings and vacate them. When the physical evidence and/or weather reports eliminate the obvious sudden causes for the collapse, we examine the construction of the ceiling and compare it with industry standards and/or the requirements in the appropriate building code. Roof Sag or Roof Collapse Forces: This article describes & explains the directions of forces in roof structures, illustrating downwards force, horizontal thrust, and the causes of rafter sags, rafters that disconnect from the ridge or top plate, and why a sagging roof pushes the building walls outwards at the wall top. This is how millions of people have felt, including many immigrants in your midst. In conditions like this, we definitely need the public’s support because we can’t be everywhere at all times but the public can point those things out and target them immediately.”, By viewing our video content, you are accepting the terms of our. Thanks for waiting out my vacation for the past two weeks. See more. Important small print: For you to be eligible, I need to receive your correct answer before 11:59 p.m. Eastern time on Sunday. From David Seal, a classic construction problem perfect for Infrastructure Week: Consider four towns arranged to form the corners of a square, where each side is 10 miles long. Authorities say 38-year-old Tika Justice died in the rental house collapse on the 1800 block of South Broad Street. This contagion continues: Every two years, any row house next to one that’s already collapsed also becomes rubble, and houses continue to collapse in order of how badly maintained they are — the third-worst-maintained house falls in the third round, the fourth-worst-maintained in the fourth round, and so on, assuming they were still standing at the start of that round. ©2020 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. My house is 26 years old and I’ve noticed the last couple years that the small patio has separation from the rock fireplace about 1/2 inch wide (east side of house on the back). collapse definition: 1. to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support: 2. An old, dilapidated house symbolizes an antiquated condition of life and thought. Oliver Roeder was a senior writer for FiveThirtyEight. Third, if the manager can assign any number of aisles to any stocker, there are 30,517,578,125 ways she might do it. This one gets pretty (read: extremely) mathy, but hey, this is the Riddler Classic, people! Sloping and Sagging Floors: What's Acceptable and When A Structural Concern Sloping floors are often one of the warning signs that structural engineers look for when analyzing a house. Welcome back to The Riddler. If it’s just a recession, then eventually new local businesses will replace the old ones. If someone…. So when we apply the parameters of our puzzle to the real data set, the mean $$\mu$$ is about 6.8 and the variance $$\nu^2$$ is about $$1.16^2$$. Jacking Can Mean Different Things . The homes inspected were completed during the past 10 or so years. A roof collapse is a serious structural failure that can affect many other parts of the home's structural system. Submit a correct answer for either,1 and you may get a shoutout in next week’s column. \begin{align*}p_i & = 1 – \left(1 – \text{Erf}\left(\frac{s}{2v}\right)\right)^{N-1} \geq \alpha\\& \Rightarrow 1-\alpha \geq \left(1 – \text{Erf}\left(\frac{s}{2v}\right)\right)^{N-1}\\& \Rightarrow \log(1-\alpha) \leq (N-1) \log\left(1 – \text{Erf} \left(\frac{s}{2v}\right)\right)\\& \Rightarrow N \geq 1 + \frac{\log(1-\alpha)}{\log\left(1 – \text{Erf} \left(\frac{s}{2v}\right)\right)}\end{align*}. His rich field experience helps in solving people’s day to day problems. The Dangers of a Roof Collapse. First published on October 26, 2005 / 9:32 AM RELATED: 5 Common Reasons for a Roof Leak. Structural damage is inevitable if there is a serious and long-standing roof leak. With these assumptions, to be 99 percent confident that everyone has a running buddy, we would need about 17.8 runners — so a group of 18 would do. I am refreshed and ready to puzzle. Yemen's UNESCO-Listed Old Sanaa Houses Collapse in Heavy Rains. First, there are 455 ways you might be assigned three aisles out of the 15. So the probability that person $$i$$ will have a running buddy is, \begin{align*}p_i & = P(\min_{j \neq i} |X_i – X_j | \leq s)\\& = 1 – \prod_{j \neq i} P(|X_i – X_j | > s)\\& = 1 – \prod_{j \neq i} (1 – P(|X_i – X_j | \leq s))\\& = 1 – (1 – G(s))^{N-1}\\& = 1 – \left(1 – \text{Erf} \left(\frac{s}{2v}\right)\right)^{N-1}\end{align*}. Two four-storey town houses worth millions of pounds have collapsed in west London. I’m sorry, I had to laugh at your comment. The collapse was on Township Road 250, which extends from McKnight Boulevard, east of Calgary. 3. A house can be over a hundred years old and still be beautiful and charming. It makes me think how on earth can the floor hold all this weight. The contractor then excavates and removes the old foundation and pours a new one. Spongy and weak water-damaged wood can end in peeling paint, damaged ceilings, and buckled wall coverings. There are two types: Riddler Express for those of you who want something bite-size and Riddler Classic for those of you in the slow-puzzle movement. (Photo provided by Temple University). But we don’t care about the specific order in which you get assigned these aisles, so we can divide that by the number of orders in which these aisles might have been assigned, which is (3)(2)(1) = 6, giving us 2,730/6 = 455. You can also face expensive wood framing repairs if water leaks down into ceiling joists and walls. 1. Learn more. Let’s use data from last year’s Boston Marathon to get some actual numbers rather than just a bunch of equations. If there is a problem, we want to get our inspectors on it as soon as possible to try to prevent tragedies like this,” Williams said. Another way to put all this: It’s just “15 choose 3,” or $${15 \choose 3}$$. This is the same as saying that the minimum of $$|X_i - X_j |$$, for all $$j\neq i$$ is less than $$s$$. In the heart of urban Brooklyn, a 300-year old farmhouse still stands. Williams says those who live in homes attached to vacant properties have to be even more vigilant, but don’t be afraid to ask for help. (1998) Two persons were killed when an old house caved in Hussaini Alam on Sunday. It dries rather rubbery. “People try to renovate and that often leads to some unintended disturbance of the structure.”, Bill Miller, Associate Professor of Engineering at Temple University. You own a road-building company. This tragic accident is an unfortunate reminder that our houses are not invincible. A house collapsed while undergoing renovations to its basement (Picture: National) A family made a lucky escape after their luxury home collapsed in … Specifically, person $$i$$ and person $$j$$ could be running buddies if their preferred speeds were within some number $$s$$ of each other — that is, if $$|X_i - X_j | \leq s$$. But that’s exactly how collapse feels. If snow loads are big enough to crush a roof, they can topple walls like a card house. There are many physical reasons a building can collapse but only one driving motivation for that to happen, says Mr Ede. When that happens, it’s … Within two years, any row house neighboring the collapsed one also collapses — as does the second-worst-maintained home on the block, if it wasn’t next to the worst-maintained one. Congratulations to Jay Lee of Portland, Oregon, winner of the previous Riddler Express! “We are here to serve the public. We’re trying to tell you as loud as we can. Trump Probably Won’t Be The Last Politician To Reject An Election Outcome Without Evidence. Do You Buy That ... COVID-19 Was A Factor In Polls Underestimating Republican Turnout. Miller also says home improvements can be culprits as well. This is really a worst-case scenario, and yes, the foundation isn’t going to collapse soon after spotting a tiny crack, however over time as the cracks grow and become more numerous, it is a very real possibility that the foundation can collapse and the house can sink right along with it. Here’s a plot of the probability of having a running buddy for various values of $$N$$ and $$s$$, with the 99 percent level marked for reference: Email me at oliver.roeder@fivethirtyeight.com. Sudden ceiling collapse is dangerous situation that can not only damage the contents of your room but can also cause serious injury or even death. Congratulations to Curt Nehrkorn of Davis, California, winner of the previous Riddler Classic! Democrats' 2020 House And Senate Map Could Spell Trouble In Future Elections. Have a great weekend! Here we go again, onward, through the mathematical mists …. RELATED: 5 Common Reasons for a Roof Leak. Collapse: Physical or mental process shutdown. The Building Commission has become aware of a number of ceiling collapses, particularly in homes completed between the years 2005 and 2009, which prompted an investigation into what caused the ceilings to fail. If your home was in good shape when you lost interest in its upkeep and your roof was relatively new, it will take decades, or possibly centuries, before the death knell tolls for it. If the floor is designed properly it’s designed with a fudge factor for weight and movement such that reasonable weights and movement are within the structural design criteria. If you need a hint or have a favorite puzzle collecting dust in your attic, find me on Twitter. At the grocery store you work at, the evening manager assigns 15 grocery aisles to the five night stockers who work that shift. Spongy and weak water-damaged wood can end in peeling paint, damaged ceilings, and buckled wall coverings. You can reach him via Twitter ID Ritesh_DP & LinkedIn ID ritesh-patel-b77578134. This phenomon should definitely be a concern for anyone whose house was built between 1960 and 1980 especially if it was built during the 1970s. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! He also leads the 1 MNT. IN & 3 IN 1 software first in industry for contractor’s billing. References Ive always been paranoid that the ceiling in my house will fall through and collapse, as it seems impossible to hold all that weight. Phew! If any are found, Brzezinski says, have the contractor fill them in, so they can't collapse. As far as $$s$$ goes, let’s guess that runners would be OK with their buddy’s speed being somewhere within 0.25 and 1 mph of their own. From Chris Hopkins, the probabilities lurking within a slowly crumbling dystopia: You live in a row house, one of 36 like it on your side of the block. not the house structure itself. It costs between $800 and$1,500. I’m sorry, I had to laugh at your comment. But that’s exactly how collapse feels. A house-moving company can lift and move the house temporarily to the back of the lot if there’s room. You can get out of it, but you have to understand where you are to even turn around. Suburban Voters Helped Biden? Some of the most expensive areas for renovating an old house can be found in replacing the roof and foundation, electrical and plumbing and updating the HVAC system.Be sure to get a thorough inspection before buying so you know what you may be in for price-wise.. In what’s above, $$G(s) = \text{Erf}(s/2v)$$ is the cumulative distribution function of $$|X_i - X_j |$$ and “Erf” is the Gauss error function. Running is more fun when you have someone to run with, but you only want to run with someone if they run about as fast as you do. A 50-year-old woman died after the roof of her house collapsed on Tuesday due to heavy rains leaving her 20-year-old son orphaned, who was also injured, police said. If any are found, Brzezinski says, have the contractor fill them in, so they can't collapse. That's money. The contractor then excavates and removes the old foundation and pours a new one. In the heart of urban Brooklyn, a 300-year old farmhouse still stands. If the floor is designed properly it’s designed with a fudge factor for weight and movement such that reasonable weights and movement are within the structural design criteria. A disaster strikes, and the city has to be evacuated. The state has offered you $28 million to construct a road system linking all four towns in some way, and it costs you$1 million to build one mile of road. PHILADELPHIA (CBS) — Given the recent collapse of several row homes in the City’s Cobbs Creek neighborhood, local experts want to make sure homeowners know what to look for before a collapse happens. That's money. More. A floor or ceiling that sinks symbolizes collapse of the ideals and principles…. Given the recent collapse of several row homes in the City's Cobbs Creek neighborhood, local experts want to make sure homeowners know what to look for before a collapse happens. It costs between $800 and$1,500. Check out these 20 tips for planning a successful house remodel. Construction mishaps, severe winter weather, and other incidents can all cause a house to collapse, rendering it unlivable and often in need of rebuilding. But if a collapse is near, it will keep getting worse and worse until the only stores left are large corporate chains and franchises. The foundations consist of either ‘reactive’ or ‘non-reactive’ material. References This puzzle’s submitter, Jay Hennig, walks us through it. Cons. We’re trying to tell you as loud as we can. I live in a 3 story house, and i live on the 3rd level , which as a big double bed, big cupboards, basically lots of heavy weight and one floor board creeks when i stand on it. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Should You Take A Construction Contract? Learn more. Extra credit: How does either answer change for N rowhouses? For example, the roof frame ties the walls together. If it can glue wet, frozen wood, sealing a crack shouldn't be a problem. Not just in one or two cities. This is how millions of people have felt, including many immigrants in your midst. (The maintenance rankings are set at the moment the city is evacuated and don’t change from round to round.) What’s the fewest number of years it will take for all 36 row houses to collapse? An older / old home will have lots of points for the little buggers to get in. This can’t be collapse, because nothing’s collapsing for me. If someone…. L&I is only a call away, just dial 3-1-1. The foundations of your house are the actual soil and rock material on which your house is built, i.e. And finally, if the manager can assign any number of aisles to any stocker, how many possibilities are there? “Please give us a call. Structural damage is inevitable if there is a serious and long-standing roof leak. Archaeologist Alyssa Loorya explains how artifacts found at the site trace the life cycles of New York City--from 1720 to today. The black curve below represents the real runner data, and the red curve is a fitted normal distribution: Turns out the speed of real runners does appear to be about normally distributed. Etc.? Although cracks in decorative brick facings and some brick structures can be cosmetic, other cracks can be severe enough to cause all or part of the building to collapse. The cracks should have been caulked. 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